14.0558 universities, Newman, Internet teaching

From: by way of Willard McCarty (willard@lists.village.Virginia.EDU)
Date: 12/12/00

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                   Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 14, No. 558.
           Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London
                   <http://www.princeton.edu/~mccarty/humanist/>
                  <http://www.kcl.ac.uk/humanities/cch/humanist/>
    
       [1]   From:    jod@ccat.sas.upenn.edu (James J. O'Donnell)         (46)
             Subject: Re: 14.0555 corporate universities, industrial vs
                     face-to-face
    
       [2]   From:    Michael Fraser <mike.fraser@computing-               (8)
                     services.oxford.ac.uk>
             Subject: Re: John Henry Newman
    
       [3]   From:    Hope Greenberg <hope.greenberg@uvm.edu>             (22)
             Subject: Re: 14.0555 corporate universities, industrial vs
                     face-to-face
    
       [4]   From:    "Price, Dan" <dprice@tui.edu>                       (41)
             Subject: Internet Teaching and Newman
    
       [5]   From:    lachance@chass.utoronto.ca (Francois Lachance)      (83)
             Subject: sympathies and conveyance
    
    
    --[1]------------------------------------------------------------------
             Date: Tue, 12 Dec 2000 09:24:16 +0000
             From: jod@ccat.sas.upenn.edu (James J. O'Donnell)
             Subject: Re: 14.0555 corporate universities, industrial vs 
    face-to-face
    
    In Eric Johnson's transposition (quoted below) of Newman's dogmatism
    (curious when failed University presidents write books telling people how
    to run Universities) to contemporary concerns, Johnson seems to know what
    "[Internet teaching]" intrinsically is and how it is ineluctably destined
    to insufficiency.  I would be curious to know whence that certainty
    arises. The continuing emergence of technologies that simulate presence
    and dialogue is a marker that many of the defects that now mark such
    teaching will soon vanish.  Given that it is far from clear that
    "[Internet teaching]" is now in practice insufficient (if one considers
    empirical evidence), and given that those defects are in process of
    remediation, perhaps here, as elsewhere, dogmatism needs be moderated by
    faith, hope, and charity.
    
    Jim O'Donnell
    Classics, U. of Penn
    jod@ccat.sas.upenn.edu
    
    willard.mccarty@kcl.ac.uk> wrote:
      >
    
    Eric Johnson <johnsone@jupiter.dsu.edu> wrote:
      > --[1]------------------------------------------------------------------
      >          Date: Sun, 10 Dec 2000 18:58:57 +0000
      >          From: Eric Johnson <johnsone@jupiter.dsu.edu>
      >           >
    .....
      >
      >      As I said in an online conference paper, Newman's thoughts are also
      > relevant to teaching via Internet.   In 1854, John Henry Newman argued
      > that a university education must be gained in classrooms, and that books
      > were not an adequate substitute for face-to-face contact with a teacher.
      > What he said of books is true of Internet teaching: "No [Internet
      > teaching] can get through the number of minute questions which it is
      > possible to ask on any extended subject, or can hit upon the very
      > difficulties which are severally felt by each [student] in succession. Or
      > again, that no [Internet teaching] can convey the special spirit and
      > delicate peculiarities of its subject with that rapidity and certainty
      > which attend on the sympathy of the mind with mind, through the eyes, the
      > look, the accent, and the manner, in casual expressions thrown off at the
      > moment, and the unstudied turns of familiar conversation . . . . The
      > general principles of any study you may learn by [Internet teaching] at
      > home; but the detail, the color, the tone, the air, the life which makes
      > it live in us, you must catch all these from those in whom it lives
      > already." ("The Rise and Progress of Universities")
      >
      >      --Eric Johnson
      >        johnsone@jupiter.dsu.edu
      >        http://www.dsu.edu/~johnsone/
      >
    
    
    
    
    --[2]------------------------------------------------------------------
             Date: Tue, 12 Dec 2000 09:24:54 +0000
             From: Michael Fraser <mike.fraser@computing-services.oxford.ac.uk>
             Subject: Re: John Henry Newman
    
    The edition of John Henry Newman's The Idea of a University published by
    Yale University Press (1996) includes a series of essays 'rethinking _The
    Idea of a University_' with one by George P. Landow entitled, 'Newman and
    the idea of an electronic university'.
    
    Michael
    -------
    University of Oxford
    mike.fraser@oucs.ox.ac.uk
    http://www.humbul.ac.uk/
    
    --[3]------------------------------------------------------------------
             Date: Tue, 12 Dec 2000 09:26:09 +0000
             From: Hope Greenberg <hope.greenberg@uvm.edu>
             Subject: Re: 14.0555 corporate universities, industrial vs 
    face-to-face
    
    To edit Eric Johnson's edited quote: "No [200 person lecture class] can get
    through the number of minute questions which it is possible to ask on any
    extended subject, or can hit upon the very difficulties which are severally
    felt by each [student] in succession."
    
    Although a personable, dynamic lecturer with good stage presence, or even a
    reasonably competent actor with a good scriptwriter could probably "convey
    the special spirit and delicate peculiarities of its subject with that
    rapidity and certainty which attend on the sympathy of the mind with mind,
    through the eyes, the look, the accent, and the manner, in casual
    expressions thrown off at the moment, and the unstudied turns of familiar
    conversation."
    
    
    In any case, my real question for this thread is: When did BA in liberal
    arts=120 possibly random credits=$60,000+="critical thinking" become the
    equation for "you need this to get a decent job?" Sounds like some wildly
    improbable marketing scheme.
    
    There are actually quite a few questions tangled in there. I'd be happy to
    expound at length on any one of them but would rather provide any potential
    responders with freedom of choice in how to interpret and respond to them.
    (Calling on those critical thinking skills no doubt, or was it emotions, or
    was that the other thread. . .)
    
    - Hope
    
    ----------
    hope.greenberg@uvm.edu, U of Vermont
    
    --[4]------------------------------------------------------------------
             Date: Tue, 12 Dec 2000 09:26:45 +0000
             From: "Price, Dan" <dprice@tui.edu>
             Subject: Internet Teaching and Newman
    
    
    In a recent posting, we have the following quotation from Newman with the
    insertion of  the author's application  to "Internet teaching."
    
       "No [Internet teaching] can get through the number of minute questions
    which it is possible to ask on any extended subject, or can hit upon the
    very difficulties which are severally felt by each [student] in succession.
    Or again, that no [Internet teaching] can convey the special spirit and
    delicate peculiarities of its subject with that rapidity and certainty
    which attend on the sympathy of the mind with mind, through the eyes, the
    look, the accent, and the manner, in casual expressions thrown off at the
    moment, and the unstudied turns of familiar conversation . . . . The
    general principles of any study you may learn by [Internet teaching] at
    home; but the detail, the color, the tone, the air, the life which makes it
    live in us, you must catch all these from those in whom it lives already."
    ("The Rise and Progress of Universities")
    
    I don't get it.
    I don't see any contradiction between what Newman is saying and the
    possibility of same being delivered by Internet conversation and
    interaction.  Seems Newman was arguing about the absence of the guiding and
    discussing of one's reading.  So, the same can take place in the Internet
    conversation.  Such has been my experience and that of my students when
    teaching via the Internet.
    
    And going back to my own experience for four degrees.  Some teachers
    expressed Newman's ideals; many did not.  With some in all honesty it
    simply did not make any difference whether I was in class or not.  Often I
    spent my time in a more valuable fashion by skipping large lecture halls
    and doing more reading and talking with graduate students.  Often, the
    material did not seem to be "living" in those presenting it-to use Newman's
    phrase.
    
    In this general discussion what I really fear is that we idealize one form
    of learning over that of others.  In the end, it is after all, what works
    best for the individual Learner-whether private study, Internet teaching,
    or traditional classroom instruction.
    
    --dan
    Sincerely,
    Dan Price, Ph.D.
    Professor,  Center for Distance Learning
    ***********************************************************
    The Union Institute             (800)  486  3116 ext.1222
    440 E McMillan St.              (513)  861  6400 ext.1222
    Cincinnati  OH  45206                   FAX   513  861  9026
    
    <http://www.tui.edu/Faculty/FacultyUndergrad/PriceDan.html>http://www.tui.edu/Faculty/FacultyUndergrad/PriceDan.html 
    
    
    ***********************************************************
    
    --[5]------------------------------------------------------------------
             Date: Tue, 12 Dec 2000 09:27:38 +0000
             From: lachance@chass.utoronto.ca (Francois Lachance)
             Subject: sympathies and conveyance
    
    Willard,
    
    Eric Johnson's posting drawing a parallel between Cardinal Newman's
    remarks on books and "teaching via Internet" came upon me at time when
    I was beginning to suspect that women proportionally to their ranks in
    the teaching corps are more involved in the online
    delivery of courses and in the research relating to best practices in
    online delivery. Of course I would twig at someone who had taught via the
    Internet quoting a Catholic theologian as to the virtues of face to face
    pedagogy. I just had to check a version of the base text from which the
    book/internet parrallel was drawn: I found an electronic version:
    
    
    If the actions of men may be taken as any test of their
           convictions, then we have reason for saying this, viz.: - that the
           province and the inestimable benefit of the litera scripta is that
           of being a record of truth, and an authority of appeal, and an
           instrument of teaching in the hands of a teacher; but that, if we
           wish to become exact and fully furnished in any branch of knowledge
           which is diversified and complicated, we must consult the living
           man and listen to his living voice. I am not bound to investigate
           the cause of this, and anything I may say will, I am conscious, be
           short of its full analysis; - perhaps we may suggest, that no books
           can get through the number of minute questions which it is possible
           to ask on any extended subject, or can hit upon the very
           difficulties which are severally felt by each reader in succession.
           Or again, that no book can convey the special spirit and delicate
           peculiarities of its subject with that rapidity and certainty which
           attend on the sympathy of mind with mind, through the eyes, the
           look, the accent, and the manner, in casual expressions thrown off
           at the moment, and the unstudied turns of familiar conversation.
           But I am already dwelling too long on what is but an incidental
           portion of my main subject.
    
    http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/newman/newman-university.html
    
    I recite Eric Johnson, Erasmian exercise:
    
    No [Internet teaching] can get through the number of minute questions
    which it is possible to ask on any extended subject, or can hit upon the
    very difficulties which are severally felt by each [student] in
    succession. Or again, that no [Internet teaching] can convey the special
    spirit and delicate peculiarities of its subject with that rapidity and
    certainty which attend on the sympathy of the mind with mind, through the
    eyes, the look, the accent, and the manner, in casual expressions thrown
    off at the moment, and the unstudied turns of familiar conversation . . .
    .. The general principles of any study you may learn by [Internet teaching]
    at home; but the detail, the color, the tone, the air, the life which
    makes it live in us, you must catch all these from those in whom it lives
    already."
    
        http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/Humanist/v14/0474.html
    
    
    What I notice of course due to the aid of the square brackets in Johnson's
    text is the substitution of "student" for "reader". What the square
    brackets do not show is the phrase "sympathy of mind with mind" has been
    reworked into "sympathy of the mind with mind". My base text may be
    corrupt and some verification necessary but I daresay considering that
    Newman goes on to conclude the paragraph with allusions to the Grand Tour
    (language learning and art appreciation) that the Newman does not have in
    mind one-to-many communication. In other words, the slippage in the
    Cardinal's prose from "books" to "book", from the plural to the singular
    
    It is worth disentangling two separate claims. The plural is connected to
    the traversal of an expanse of knowledge (no books can ... get through
    minute questions). The singular is tied to speed (no book can ... convey
    learning rapidily). Slow down the pedagogical situation. Remove the need
    for complete mastery. Sympathy of mind with mind can arise by reading and
    writing about books, subscribing to periodicals, contributing to
    periodicals, using the post to exchange letters, watercolours, scores. And
    the unstudied turns emerge in the exchange. Distance education is
    possible, be it electronic or otherwise. And it is adequate. It is not a
    substitute. The student using the Internet is not merely a reader. The
    student is productive.
    
    The student is also productive in a face to face learning situation. The
    relations with other students as well as those with the teacher
    contribution to the getting of wisdom. A good learning situation whether
    it be online or not creates the space and time for individual
    contemplation and for group exchange. Anyone who has fondly read the
    marginalia left in a library copy can attest to the "unstudied turns" that
    books can offer. Anyone marking such a book may be as resistant as the
    student who refuses to imitate the teacher or go at the teacher's speed.
    
    It is perhaps worth remembering that Newman closes the paragraph with a
    metaphor of book as vehicle and an allusion to the Grand Tour and the
    claim that the fullness of wisdom is found in the place not in the
    vehicle. Surely the fullness of wisdom is found in a moment intersecting
    with another moment -- a sympathy of mind with mind. Newman trusts places.
    I trust means of conveyance.
    
    
    
    -- 
    Francois Lachance, Scholar-at-large
    	http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~lachance
    Member of the Evelyn Letters Project
    	http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~dchamber/evelyn/evtoc.htm
    



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